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Swan 36
Swan 36 is a GRP constructed, fin keeled, one tonner masthead sloop and it's the first Swan sailing yacht ever produced. It was manufactured by Nautor Oy and the first boat Tarantella was launched in July of 1967.〔http://www.tarantella.fi/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=91&Itemid=81〕 The production continued until 1971 with a total of 90 Swan 36 boats being built.〔http://www.classicswan.org/swan_36.php〕 The yacht was designed by Sparkman & Stephens who were the number one designers in the world at the time and also the designers of the first 775 Swan yachts built by Nautor. Its main dimensions are length overall LOA 10,9 m, Length of waterline LWL 7,77 Beam 2,95 m, and displacement of 7000 kg, of which 3600 kg is ballast.
Its racing success is very much based on the designer’s well timed decision to use a separate fin keel and rudder as opposed to the traditional full keel arrangement. This reduced the wetted surface area of the hull and thus also the frictional drag, which made the yacht faster and with the rudder placed further aft also more agile.〔http://bluewaterboats.org/sparkman-and-stephens-swan-36/.〕〔http://sailing.about.com/od/typesofsailboats/ss/Keelshapes.htm〕 Despite separate fin keel and a rudder had been used before in some of the Sparkman & Stephens' lighter sailboat designs such as the Lightning, this was the first time this arrangement was successfully used in production keelboats. For a short period of time this application made Swan 36 one of the fastest commercially available sailing yachts of its size and with a skilled crew she became the one to beat in the international sailing regattas. The yacht gained international recognition in 1968 when a Swan 36 called Casse Tete II (Renamed Carte Blanche) skippered by David Johnson scored a result that no one had done before and won all seven starts of that years Cowes Week regatta.〔http://bluewaterboats.org/sparkman-and-stephens-swan-36/.〕 Cowes Week was and still is, one of the largest sailing regattas of its kind in the world and winning it created a lot of media attention and publicity to this new 36 foot racing yacht. This racing success was very important for the future of the yard and generated immense positive feedback that was soon converted to increasing sales figures. However the racing success was not all the boat had to offer as it was also decided that it should be more comfortable and luxurious on the inside than any of the competing makes. For that reason, Nautor had decided to use their own interior designer to complete the management’s vision of a fast and luxurious racing yacht with an attractive price tag. The result was an unprecedented combination of competitiveness and comfort combined with a superior cost efficiency brought by the new fiberglass construction method and the skilled boatbuilders of Jakobstad.〔http://sparkmanstephens.blogspot.fi/2012/04/design-1710-cybele-and-swan-36.html〕 This well marketed combination of speed, quality and affordability enabled the subsequent commercial success for the whole yard and the creation of Swan brand.〔http://uk.boats.com/boat-content/2013/07/6-of-the-best-nautors-swan-yachts-of-all-time/〕 Nautor introduced its successor Swan 37 in 1970 which also became a very successful racing yacht.
==Design and Development==
Unlike most of the later Swan models, the 36 wasn’t designed solely for Nautor as it had already been introduced before as a wooden constructed full keel Gaia Class version bearing the same S&S design number 1710.〔http://sparkmanstephens.blogspot.fi/2011/02/design-1710-gaia-class.html〕〔http://sparkmanstephens.blogspot.fi/2012/04/design-1710-cybele-and-swan-36.html〕 Both of the 1710 designs have the same lines plan but the developed version which was to become Swan 36 had two major improvements; the fin keel and the GRP hull structure which were both completely new features in keelboat design and thus offered major advantage over competition. The design #1710 is based on S&S design #1478 Hestia which also has an identical lines plan but different LOA.〔https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_2ERsZyS9M〕 Because of these two clear and completely new advantages, the timing became a crucial factor for Nautor as in 1967 the fin keel with a separate rudder was rapidly becoming a standard in race boat designs and the new GRP structure became a tempting alternative for the boat yards all over the world. Nautor used this opportunity very effectively and was able to launch these fin keeled and well-built large GRP hulls well before any of the competitors could react to the situation. This new construction material provided the means for faster manufacturing and lower production costs, but also brought in fair amount of risks as GRP was a relatively unknown material at the time. Advice on the dimensioning was sought in co-operation with Lloyd's Registers Åke Lindqvist, who was the Lloyd's principal surveyor in Finland at that time. He took an active interest in the development of this new construction material and used to accompany Rod Stephens on his monthly inspection trips to Nautor. The two ran a friendly competition about who could find more design faults or things to improve. The result was that things fairly quickly got right with respect to proper seagoing layouts, scantlings and the right working methods. As far as the credibility of the fin keel structure was concerned, in the same year S&S had already finished one of their most remarkable racing designs, the 1967 America's Cup winner Intrepid featuring a fin keel and a separate rudder〔http://sparkmanstephens.blogspot.fi/2011/11/design-1834-intrepid.html〕 which proved that this new design feature can win races. Together with the S&S design badge, these technical innovations made Swan 36 an interesting choice for the buyers even before its launch. An example of this rapidly growing interest can be found in October 1967 Yachtsman magazine which describes Swan 36 a "fearsome racing machine" which is quite remarkable considering her actual breakthrough to the racing success in the 1968 Cowes Week was almost a full year away. Swan 36 is still a very competitive yacht and in ideal conditions it can still win races even against much bigger and newer yachts.〔http://www.classicswan.org/news.php〕 Swan 36 was also sold in the US under the name Palmer Johnson: PJ 36.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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